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Virtual University's HANDOUTS
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Virtual University's HANDOUTS
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Saturday, May 1, 2010
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Wednesday, April 28, 2010
Eng301 solution
Question No.1
Answer:
Grapevine communication:
Every organization has an informal communication network that is known as Grapevine. It supplements official channel. It is important source of information. It is casual conversation of an organization.
It is called so because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions
Irrespective of the authority levels Man as we know is a social animal.
Despite existence of formal channels in an organization, the informal channels tend to develop when he interacts with other people in organization. It exists more at lower levels of an organization. Which they form unions. Sometimes the managers show preferential treatment and favor some employees giving a segregated feeling to other employees. Thus, when employees sense a need to exchange their views, they go for grapevine network as they cannot use the formal channel of communication in that case.
Generally during breaks in cafeteria, the subordinates talk about their superior’s attitude and behavior and exchange views with their peers. They discuss rumours about promotion and transfer of other employees. Thus, grapevine spreads like fire and it is not easy to trace the cause of such communication at times.
Examples of Grapevine Network of Communication:
1. CEO may be in relation to the Production Manager. They may have friendly relations with each other.
2. Suppose the profit amount of a company is known. Rumour is spread that this much profit is there and on that basis bonus is declared.
Advantages of Grapevine Communication:
1. Grapevine channels carry information rapidly. As soon as an employee gets to know some
2. The managers get to know the reactions of their subordinates on their policies. Thus, the feedback obtained is quick compared to formal channel of communication.
3. The grapevine creates a sense of unity among the employees who share and discuss their views with each other. Thus, grapevine helps in developing group cohesiveness.
4. The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive value.
5. The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where formal communication does not work. Confidential information, he becomes inquisitive and passes the details then to his closest friend who in turn passes it to other.
Disadvantages of Grapevine Communication:
1. The grapevine carries partial information at times as it is more based on rumours. Thus, it does not clearly depict the complete state of affairs.
2. The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it does not follow official path of communication and is spread more by gossips and unconfirmed report.
3. The productivity of employees may be hampered as they spend more time talking rather than working.
4. The grapevine leads to making hostility against the executives.
5. The grapevine may hamper the goodwill of the organization as it may carry false negative information about the high level people of the organization.
A smart manager should take care of all the disadvantages of the grapevine and try to minimize them. At the same time, he should make best possible use of advantages of grapevine. Grapevine is a effective communication.
Question No.2
Answer:
Rhetorical Theory:
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs:
Logical, emotional, and ethical Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well.
Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion.
Why is it more important than two other theories of communication?
- Third set of theorists add more dimensions to our understanding of the communication process:
- Communication is not linear, but circular; not just sending a message to be received, but producing a response; not static, but dynamic.
- Rhetorical theorists provide an important addition to a communication model for business communicators.
- Many people caught up in the accuracy forget third crucial variable, producing the desiredresponse form their audience.
- This model is circular, not linear
Question No.3
Answer:
1. For further detail contact at 555-0001.
2. Please enclosed is a copy of the required document.
3. Due to forecast of heavy rain for June 13, the picnic was rescheduled for June 20.
4. He is an admirable man.
5. Ventura County is in California.
Eng301 solution
Question No.1
Answer:
Grapevine communication:
Every organization has an informal communication network that is known as Grapevine. It supplements official channel. It is important source of information. It is casual conversation of an organization.
It is called so because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions
Irrespective of the authority levels Man as we know is a social animal.
Despite existence of formal channels in an organization, the informal channels tend to develop when he interacts with other people in organization. It exists more at lower levels of an organization. Which they form unions. Sometimes the managers show preferential treatment and favor some employees giving a segregated feeling to other employees. Thus, when employees sense a need to exchange their views, they go for grapevine network as they cannot use the formal channel of communication in that case.
Generally during breaks in cafeteria, the subordinates talk about their superior’s attitude and behavior and exchange views with their peers. They discuss rumours about promotion and transfer of other employees. Thus, grapevine spreads like fire and it is not easy to trace the cause of such communication at times.
Examples of Grapevine Network of Communication:
1. CEO may be in relation to the Production Manager. They may have friendly relations with each other.
2. Suppose the profit amount of a company is known. Rumour is spread that this much profit is there and on that basis bonus is declared.
Advantages of Grapevine Communication:
1. Grapevine channels carry information rapidly. As soon as an employee gets to know some
2. The managers get to know the reactions of their subordinates on their policies. Thus, the feedback obtained is quick compared to formal channel of communication.
3. The grapevine creates a sense of unity among the employees who share and discuss their views with each other. Thus, grapevine helps in developing group cohesiveness.
4. The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive value.
5. The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where formal communication does not work. Confidential information, he becomes inquisitive and passes the details then to his closest friend who in turn passes it to other.
Disadvantages of Grapevine Communication:
1. The grapevine carries partial information at times as it is more based on rumours. Thus, it does not clearly depict the complete state of affairs.
2. The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it does not follow official path of communication and is spread more by gossips and unconfirmed report.
3. The productivity of employees may be hampered as they spend more time talking rather than working.
4. The grapevine leads to making hostility against the executives.
5. The grapevine may hamper the goodwill of the organization as it may carry false negative information about the high level people of the organization.
A smart manager should take care of all the disadvantages of the grapevine and try to minimize them. At the same time, he should make best possible use of advantages of grapevine. Grapevine is a effective communication.
Question No.2
Answer:
Rhetorical Theory:
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs:
Logical, emotional, and ethical Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well.
Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion.
Why is it more important than two other theories of communication?
- Third set of theorists add more dimensions to our understanding of the communication process:
- Communication is not linear, but circular; not just sending a message to be received, but producing a response; not static, but dynamic.
- Rhetorical theorists provide an important addition to a communication model for business communicators.
- Many people caught up in the accuracy forget third crucial variable, producing the desiredresponse form their audience.
- This model is circular, not linear
Question No.3
Answer:
1. For further detail contact at 555-0001.
2. Please enclosed is a copy of the required document.
3. Due to forecast of heavy rain for June 13, the picnic was rescheduled for June 20.
4. He is an admirable man.
5. Ventura County is in California.
HRM627 solution
Suppose you are manager of a multinational operating in UAE, your workforce constitutes of people from
ANSWER;
Being a manager of a multinational operating in UAE, I shall take following steps to successfully manage this workforce to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently;
· I shall try my best to be unfair.
· I shall have a polite and respective behavior towards every employee.
· I shall try to separate people from their own nationality.
· I shall create an atmosphere which will make the people of different nation as one nation.
· The employees will be ordered to speak the National language of UAE and not speak their native language.
· They will be paid equally on the basis of their performance.
· No discrepancy will be allowed.
· The employees will be given proper leaves on their religious ceremonies.
HRM627 solution
Suppose you are manager of a multinational operating in UAE, your workforce constitutes of people from
ANSWER;
Being a manager of a multinational operating in UAE, I shall take following steps to successfully manage this workforce to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently;
· I shall try my best to be unfair.
· I shall have a polite and respective behavior towards every employee.
· I shall try to separate people from their own nationality.
· I shall create an atmosphere which will make the people of different nation as one nation.
· The employees will be ordered to speak the National language of UAE and not speak their native language.
· They will be paid equally on the basis of their performance.
· No discrepancy will be allowed.
· The employees will be given proper leaves on their religious ceremonies.
Mgt402 Solution
China Toys Manufacturing Company Ltd.,
Cost of Goods Manufactured and Sold Statement.
For the period ended on 31st Dec, 2009
Particulars | Rs. | Rs. |
Direct Material | ||
Opening Material | 8000 | |
+Material Purchased | +90000 | |
Material Available for use | 98000 | |
-Closing Inventory | -43000 | |
Material Consumed | 55000 | |
+Direct Labour | +35000 | |
Prime Cost 60% of C.G.M (W-3) | 90000 | |
+FOH 30% of the Conversion (W-2) | +15000 | |
Total Factory Cost | 105000 | |
+Opening Work in Process | +70000 | |
Cost of Goods to be Manufactured | 175000 | |
-Closing Work in Process | -25000 | |
Cost of Goods Manufactured | 150000 | |
+Opening Finished Goods | +50000 | |
Cost of Goods Available for | 200000 | |
-Closing Finished Goods | -48800 | |
Cost of Goods Sold (W-1) | 151200 |
China Toys Manufacturing Company Ltd.,
Income Statement.
For the period ended on 31st Dec, 2009 Particulars | Rs. | Rs. |
218800 | ||
-Sales Return | -28000 | |
Net | 216000 | |
-Cost of Goods Sold | -151200 | |
Gross Profit | 64800 | |
-Selling and Administration Expenses | ||
Selling Expenses 5% of Net | 10800 | |
-Administration Expenses 8% of Net | 17280 | 28080 |
Operating Profit | 36720 | |
-Financial Expenses | -600 | |
Net Profit | 36120 |
(W-1)
Net Sale
Net Sale
216000= Cost of Goods Sold+30% of Sale
216000= Cost of Goods Sold+30% of 216000
216000= Cost of Goods Sold+64800
216000-64800 = Cost of Goods Sold
151200 = Cost of Goods Sold
(W-2) Reverse Calculation:-
Conversion Cost = Direct Labour + Factory Over Head
Conversion Cost =70%+30%
Conversion Cost =70%35000+30% of Conversion Cost
Total Conversion Cost = 35000*100/70
Total Conversion Cost 35000*100/70
Total Conversion Cost = 50000
Factory Overhead = 30%of 50000
Factory Overhead = 50000*30/100
Factory Overhead = 15000
Working.3:
Ending Finished Goods Inventory=?
Ending Finished Goods Inventory=
Cost of goods available for sale-Cost of Goods Sold
Ending Finished Goods Inventory= Rs.200,000-Rs.151,200
Ending Finished Goods Inventory=Rs.48800
Working.4:
Cost of Goods Manufactured=?
Cost of Goods Manufactured= Cost of goods available for sale-Opening Finished Goods Inventory
Cost of Goods Manufactured= Rs.200,000-Rs.50,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured= Rs.150,000
Working.5:
Prime Cost=?
In the given statement of Question there is Prime cost (60% of Cost of Goods Manufactured)
SO,
Prime Cost= Rs.150,000*60%
Prime Cost= Rs. 90,000
Working.6:
Total Current Factory Cost=?
Total Current Factory Cost=
Prime Cost +Factory Over Head Cost
Total Current Factory Cost= Rs.90,000+Rs.15,000
Total Current Factory Cost= Rs.105,000
Working.7:
Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured=?
Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured=
Total Current Factory Cost+ Opening Work in Process Inventory
Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured= Rs.105,000+Rs.70,000
Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured= Rs.175,000
Working.8:
Ending Work in Process Inventory=?
Ending Work in Process Inventory=
Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured-Cost Of Goods Manufactured
Ending Work in Process Inventory=Rs.175000-Rs.150,000
Ending Work in Process Inventory= Rs. 25,000
Working.9:
Direct Material used=?
Direct Material used= Prime Cost - Direct Labor
Direct Material used= Rs.90,000 – Rs.35,000
Direct Material used= Rs.55,000
Working.10:
Material Closing Inventory=?
Material Closing Inventory=
Material available for use – Total material used
Material Closing Inventory= Rs.98,000 – Rs55,00
Material Closing Inventory= Rs.43,000