VU Assignments VU Solved Past Papers, Online Quizzes, VU Crunch Solutions: 3/29/09

Friday, April 3, 2009

Money and Banking - Assignment Solution

1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. B

________________________________________________________________

MONEY BANKING
1- A lender is promised a $100 payment (including interest) one year from today. If the lender has an 8% opportunity cost of money, he should be willing to accept what amount today?
A. $100.00 B. $108.20 C. $92.59 D. $96.40

2- The higher the Future Value (FV) of the payment, the higher will be the:
A. Discount rate B. Present value C. Liquidity D. Cost of borrowing

3- The procedure of finding out the Present Value (PV) is known as:
A. Discounting B. Compounding C. Time value of money D. Bond pricing

4 ---------------- tells us after how much time period the amount of money will become double.
A. Real interest rate B. Nominal interest rate C. Rule of 72 D. Time value of money

5- The interest rate used in the present value calculation is often referred to as:
A. Discount rate B. Inflation rate C. Nominal rate D. None of the given option

6- The procedure of finding out the Future Value (FV) is known as:
A. Discounting B. Compounding C. Time value of money D. Bond pricing

7- The price of a bond is the ---------------- of its payments.
A. Present Value B. Future Value C. Coupon rate D. Principal amount

8- The ---------------is defined as the probability weighted average of the squared deviations of the possible outcomes from their expected value.
A. Standard deviation B. Variance C. Mean D. Median

9- The difference between real and nominal interest rate is
A. The cost of borrowing B. The effect of inflation
C. The price of bonds D. None of the given option

10- The Future Value (FV) of $1000 in 5 years at 5% interest rate will be:
A. $1000.00 B. $1276.28 C. $999.99 D. $1500.52

11- Stock exchange is an example of:
A. Financial instrument B. Financial institution C. Financial market D. Bank

12- Which of the following is NOT an example of financial institutions?
A. Banks B. Securities firms C. Stock exchanges D. Insurance companies

13. Which of the following are used to monitor and stabilize the economy?
A. Governments B. Commercial Banks C. Central Banks D. Financial institutions

14. Financial instruments are evolved just as much as _____________.
A. Currency B. Stocks C. Bonds D. Commodity

15. Previously financial markets are located in which of the following?
A. Coffee houses or Taverns B. Stock exchanges C. Bazaar D. Coffee houses and Stock exchanges

16. We need __________ to carry out day to day transactions
A. Money B. Bonds C. Stocks D. Loans

17- Among the following which one is less liquid asset?
A. Checking account B. Car C. Share D. Debit card

18- Which of the following is the final mode of payment?
A. Money B. ATM C. Cheque D. Yet to discover

19- Debit card works in the same way as which one of the following?
A. Cheque B. Credit card C. Store value card D. Pay order

20- Banks use to handle transactions among themselves, through which one of the following?
A. Debit card B. Electronic transfers C. Credit card D. Store value card

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Money and Banking - Assignment Solution

Thursday, April 2, 2009

MTH-302 - Assignment's SOLUTION

1 C
2 C
3 B
4 C
5 B
6 B
7 B
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 B
12 D
13 A
14 A

MTH-302 - Assignment's SOLUTION

1 C
2 C
3 B
4 C
5 B
6 B
7 B
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 B
12 D
13 A
14 A

Introduction to Computer (CS-101) - Assignment Solution

Dear Students,

Actually on this site there is no option to make table, thats why i m uploaded table in image form. SORRY for that u r not able to copy this, u may tele ur answers from there or u may look at this copy and draw on your documents as it is.

Introduction to Computer (CS-101) - Assignment Solution

Dear Students,

MTH-202 1st Assignment

Question 1;
Assume that for the truth values
P=F, q=T, r=F

Show that the propositionis false.
TRUTH TABLE FOR
p q r p
p q
(p r)
( p q)
( p r)
( p q)
( p r)

T T T F T T F F F
T T F F T F F T F
T F T F T T F F F
T F F F T F F T F
F T T T T T F F F
F T F T T T F F F
F F T T F T T F F
F F F T F T T F F

Hence the preposition (p q) ( p r) is false.

Question 2; Formulate the arguments symbolically and test its validity using truth table.

If you invest in the auto industry, then you get rich.
You didn't invest in the auto industry.
Therefore, you didn't get rich.

Where p = "You invest in the auto industry.
"q = "You get rich."

TRUTH TABE
Premises conclusion

p q p q
p
q

T T T F F
T F F F T
F T T T F
F F T T T

Hence the argument is invalid becacause the premises in row 3rd true but conclusion false.

Question 3;

Illustrate the distributive law A(BC)= (AB)(AC) with Venn diagrams.
A(BC)

A(BC) is shaded

(AB)(AC)
(AB)(AC) is shaded

Hence A(BC)= (AB)(AC)

MTH-202 1st Assignment

Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Marketing Management's 1st Assignment Solution

1. C
2. D
3 A
4 B
5 A
6 D
7 A
8 B
9 D
10 C
11 D
12 D
13 C
14 D
15 B
16 D
17 C
18 A
19 B
20 C

Marketing Management's 1st Assignment Solution

1. C
2. D
3 A
4 B
5 A
6 D
7 A
8 B
9 D
10 C
11 D
12 D
13 C
14 D
15 B
16 D
17 C
18 A
19 B
20 C

E-Commerce - 1st Assignment's Solution

QUESTION 1: Why do we need protocols in computer networks? Discuss in your own words.

A network protocol is a formal set of rules, conventions and data structure that governs how computers and other network devices exchange information over a network.Network engineers have written rules for communication that must be strictly followed for successful pc-to-pc communication. If we don’t use these protocols then we can’t do successful networking. So we need these protocols which apply to different layers of sophistication such as:

In modern protocol design, network protocols are "layered" according to the OSI 7 layer model or similar layered models. Layering is a design principle which divides the protocol design into a number of smaller parts, each of accomplishes a particular sub-task, and interacts with the other parts of the protocol only in a small number of well-defined ways. Layering allows the parts of a protocol to be designed and tested without a combinatorial explosion of cases, keeping each design relatively simple. Layering also permits familiar protocols to be adapted to unusual circumstances.

The need for protocols also applies to network devices. Computers have no way of learning protocols, so network engineers have written rules for communication that must be strictly followed for successful host-to-host communication. These rules apply to different layers of sophistication such as which physical connections to use, how hosts listen, how to interrupt, how to say good-bye, and in short how to communicate, what language to use and many others.

Detection of the underlying physical connection (wired or wireless), or the existence of the other endpoint or nodeNegotiation of various connection characteristicsHow to start and end a messageHow to format a messageWhat to do with corrupted or improperly formatted messages (error correction)How to detect unexpected loss of the connection, and what to do nextTermination of the session and or connection.From the features stated above, we could understand the need for protocols in networking.

QUESTION 2: In internet IP Version 4 is going to be replaced by IP Version 6, discuss the major factor behind this change.

IPv4 is currently update the dominant Internet Protocol version, and was the first to receive widespread use. In December 1998, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designated IPv6 as the successor to version 4IPv6 has a much larger address space than IPv4. This results from the use of a 128-bit address, where IPv4 uses only 32 bits. The new address space thus supports 2128 (about 3.4×1038) addresses.The following are the major reasons for that if the IPv4 is replaced by IPv6:-.

A recent study by google indicates that penetration is still less than one percent of Internet traffic in any country. The leaders are Russia (0.76%), France (0.65%), Ukraine (0.64%), Norway (0.49%), and the United States (0.45%). Although Asia leads in terms of absolute deployment numbers, the relative penetration is smaller (e.g., China: 0.24%). IPv6 is implemented on all major operating systems in use in commercial, business, and home consumer environments.IPv6 has better security, because the IPSec security frame-Work is mandatory in IPv6, while it is optional in IPv4;Plug-and-play capabilities have been improved;There are improvements with Quality of Service because of an additional flow label in the IPv6 header.Peer-to-peer communication is simplified, because the huge number of IP-addresses makes address translation obsolete.IP mobility with IPv6 has been simplified because, unlike IPv4, we can rely on a communication partner’s address to be visible throughout the Internet.

The new generation of Internet Protocol provides more addresses than ever will be needed: theoretically, every square millimeter on earth could be provided with many billions of addresses.A remaining and most important advantage of IPv6 over IPv4 is the vast number of IP-addresses it provides to the Internet world.

E-Commerce - 1st Assignment's Solution

QUESTION 1: Why do we need protocols in computer networks? Discuss in your own words.

QUESTION 2: In internet IP Version 4 is going to be replaced by IP Version 6, discuss the major factor behind this change.

Eng-301 - 1st Assignment Solution

Question No.1 Write a detailed note on internal and external forms of communication in an organization.

Communication

Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another.

Internal and External Communication:

In an organization, communication is like a blood that is run in our body. So communication is essential to the run an organization. Without communication the organization will surely be failed.There are many ways to transmitting their information, here are a two way to communicate, it may be internal or external.

Internal Communication:

An exchange of information within an organization is called internal communication.Communication includes verbal communication, e-mail, memos, intercom via telephones, computer network, notices and messages, and also through meetings.

Verbal:

Talking to people is the easiest way to interact with one another. This can be done by verbal communication face-to-face. During meetings and gatherings people express themselves with their body language and tone of verbal language.

This way everyone can understand what exactly is going on because it is immediate and straightforward.Telephones are the easiest way of communicating within a building. Calls can be transferred from one department to another via intercom to provide help and service, as long there is a phone around.

Written messages - Memos:

In the organization most of messages and notes are placed on paper. Sometimes whenever someone is unavailable, a written message is left for him or her. Telephone messages are recorded on paper then passed on to the recipient.

External Communication:

Communication that takes place outside the organization is called external communication.When the company communicates with another party other than the firm, we call this external communication. This involves fax, telephone, mobile phone or pager, video conferencing, e-mail, through a network, and also the Internet.

E-Mail:

Sometimes documents can be attached to e-mail with a message or vice-versa. Its not just e-mail that is involved in electronic communication, it also involves faxes and telephones. Some computers are programmed through a network with instant messengers. You can have a written conversation using these. These are not reliable as the messages may be lost in cyberspace and not delivered.

Letters:

All contact externally is done with letters, especially on organization’s letterhead, as it can be short and formal.

Fax:

Fax is a way of sending forms and documents all over the world via telephone lines. Documents come in clear but can sometimes take their time. Fax can authorise documents with a signature. The sender and receiver must both have fax machines. Fax machines are relatively cheap, as there are different ways of communication emerging. Fax machines are quite expensive depending on quality.

Question No. 2

You have studied communication process, barriers of communication in your course; analyze with examples complete process of communication.Answer:People in the world are not exactly alike. Cultures or countries are not the same. These differences, however, can cause problems in conveying your meanings. Each person’s mind is different from others. As a result, message sender’s meanings and the receiver’s response are affected by many factors, such as individual:

Physical Barrier

Psychological barriers

Emotional barriers

Perceptual barriers

Barriers involving values attitudes etc

1. Physical barriers

Physical barriers in the workplace include:marked out territories, empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not allowedclosed office doors, barrier screens, separate areas for people of different statuslarge working areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others.

Research shows that one of the most important factors in building cohesive teams is proximity. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another.

2. Perceptual barriers

The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didn't, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place.

The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities:A traveler was walking down a road when he met a man from the next town. "Excuse me," he said. "I am hoping to stay in the next town tonight. Can you tell me what the townspeople are like?""Well," said the townsman, "how did you find the people in the last town you visited?"

"Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service.""Well, then," said the townsman, "you'll find them pretty much the same here."

3. Emotional barriers

One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we said to others.

"Mind your P's and Q's"; "Don't speak until you're spoken to"; "Children should be seen and not heard". As a result many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others.

They feel vulnerable. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our development as effective communicators and our ability to form meaningful relationships.

4. Cultural barriers

When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we need to adopt the behaviour patterns of the group. These are the behaviours that the group accept as signs of belonging.

The group rewards such behaviour through acts of recognition, approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you, and where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high level of win-win contact.

Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group, a high level of game-playing replaces good communication.

5. Language barriers

Language that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others. In a global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is to talk in their language.

One of the more chilling memories of the Cold War was the threat by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev saying to the Americans at the United Nations: "We will bury you!" This was taken to mean a threat of nuclear annihilation.

However, a more accurate reading of Khruschev's words would have been: "We will overtake you!" meaning economic superiority. It was not just the language, but the fear and suspicion that the West had of the Soviet Union that led to the more alarmist and sinister interpretation.

6. Gender barriers

There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys.

The reason for this lies in the wiring of a man's and woman's brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both hemispheres and in two specific locations.

This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalised way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day.

7. Interpersonal barriers

There are six levels at which people can distance themselves from one another:

Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal contact. It is both refusal to be in touch and time alone.

Rituals are meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of real contact.

Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial activities.

Working activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but no more.

Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning and losing. They include "rackets" and "stamps".

Closeness is the aim of interpersonal contact where there is a high level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others.

Working on improving your communications is a broad-brush activity. You have to change your thoughts, your feelings, and your physical connections.

That way, you can break down the barriers that get in your way and start building relationships that really work.